These aliases are set up in your public DNS records. If you manage your own DNS you can have your admins create them. Most of us have our ISP’s administer our DNS records, and you just tell the ISP to create an A record pointing to the specific IP address you specify. That’s all your ISP can do: direct traffic for a DNS name to a specific IP. Once the traffic gets there it is up to you to handle it.
For example, I have an A record for www.wmbird.com that goes to my primary HTTP server, and I have mail.wmbird.com that is an MX record for mail purposes. I also have an A record for domino.wmbird.com which goes to one of my Domino mail servers, and my users know the proper URL for accessing their iNotes e-mail from there. I haven’t bothered to set up a dedicated homepage yet, but that is on my To Do list (literally).