Good luck! We had this problem and still see it occasionally, but our spam filtering provider (Postini) does a decent job of blocking many of these.
Because it is a Mail Router issue, I don’t know that there is a way to block it. I know the cause…Someone is using one of your user’s e-mail addresses as the FROM in their SPAM. When a receiving address is invalid or not accepted by the recipient system, you get the Mailer-Daemon / NDR report back to the compromised user’s email address.
We, too, tried everything we could to prevent delivery of these. In the end, the only thing that worked successfully was the [DEL] key on the keyboard!