The client stores a copy of its settings (mail filters, calendar filters, push type, logging levels, etc.) on the server in case the device ever needs to be restored after a hard reset. And, the server needs some of those settings (mainly the filter settings) to know how much data to send to the client.This error means that the client is not being able to store these settings on the server. The settings are communicated using the traveler servlet, so you can check the server logs for any errors and also check the client logs (you may want to increase your logging level on the client to High to see more detailed information).
If that doesn’t lead you to a resolution, you will need to create a problem report on the client and send that along with the server logs for Support to investigate.